Drugs of dependence

This page provides information on drugs of dependence and the different types of dependences.

Dependence on a drug means that your body has become so used to having that drug regularly that you need that particular drug to function normally, and if it were stopped you would feel unwell.  People who have drug dependence may have psychological dependence and/or physical dependence and/or tolerance to a particular drug.

Addiction is slightly different to dependence although the words are sometimes used interchangeably. If you are addicted to a drug, there is an excessive craving, and uncontrollable and compulsive use of that drug.  People who are addicted still get cravings for drugs such as opioids even after they have reduced them slowly so that they are no longer dependent.  Some people are more likely to develop addiction than others and seem to be particularly sensitive to the cravings. People can develop dependence on a drug but not be addicted.

Dependence forming medicines include:

  • Antidepressants – improve low mood
  • Benzodiazepines – tranquillisers mainly prescribed for anxiety.
  • Z-drugs – such as zolpidem, zopiclone and zaleplon for insomnia- often known as ‘z’ drugs
  • Opioid pain medicines – used to relieve severe and chronic pain.
  • Gabapentinoids – used to treat epilepsy, but also to treat nerve pain and to prevent migraines.

Over the past 10-20 years it has become clear that some prescribed dependence forming medications are not the safe and effective treatment options as was originally thought. Furthermore, there is now a better appreciation of the risks, including dependence and in some cases mortality.

Dependence on medicines is a growing concern and can significantly affect individuals, families, and communities. Some people suffer physically and emotionally from becoming dependent on medicines, while others experience premature death.

People may become dependent on medicines for various reasons, often after long-term use to manage symptoms or underlying conditions. It is crucial that all dependence forming medicines, especially those used for long-term treatment, are carefully monitored to prevent dependence, and minimise risks.

Being informed about dependence-forming medications is crucial in promoting better understanding, safe use, and ultimately reducing the risks associated with dependence and addiction.

It’s important to highlight the potential risks of these medications:

  • Physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
  • Addiction or substance use disorder.
  • Overdose due to high doses or misuse.
  • Negative effects on mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment.
  • Drug interactions with other medications that could enhance dependence or toxicity.

To reduce risk of harm from these medicines we aim to:

  1. Increase awareness about the risks of dependence and addiction.
  2. Provide information to patients to help them make informed decisions about their treatment.
  3. Encourage patients to take their medicines as prescribed and so prevent misuse.
  4. Promote non-medicine management of conditions to avoid risk of dependency or addiction.

Your GP is an essential first point of contact if you’re concerned about medication dependence. They can refer you to local support services, provide advice on tapering these medications or consider alternative treatment options, and support you in managing your condition.

In addition to this, there are several services available in the Mid and South Essex area to support individuals dealing with medication dependence:

Below are local and national services available to support people struggling with substance or alcohol misuse: